11^th International Veterinary Congress July 02-03, 2018 Berlin, Germany

Biography:

Shawaf T is working at Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. His experience includes various programs, contributions and participation in different events for diverse fields of study. His research interests reflect in his wide range of publications in various national and international journals.

Abstract:

Biochemical analysis of Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. The purpose of the present study was to compare some biochemical parameters in CSF of healthy and neurological affected camels. Also the valuability of flow cytometry as a tool for the analysis of the cellular component of camel CSF was evaluated. Five apparently healthy camels (control animals) and nine affected camels with a history of neurological signs (diseased animals) were included in this study. Most diseased camels had acute neurological symptoms including staggering, shaking, difficulties standing up and progressively worsening general condition. Camels were between 4 and 17 years old. The animals were clinically examined then blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein for hematological and biochemical analysis. After sedation and aseptically preparation of the caudal part of the neck, CFS sample was withdrawn from the atlanto-occipital articulation. Eighteen biochemical parameters were determined in the CSF for each camel. After centrifugation of CSF fluids (300 x g for 10 min), cell pellet was labelled with monoclonal antibodies against camel leukocyte antigens CD4, CD172a, MHCII. Total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, magnesium, sodium and total bilirubin were significantly higher in CSF of affected in comparison to healthy camels. In the other hand, the concentration of glucose was significant lower in affected camels than that in healthy animals. Flow cytometric analysis of labelled cells could define camel CSF CD4+ T cells, (B cells; MHCII+CD172a-) and macrophages (CD172a+).

Biography:

Davood Sharifi has completed his veterinary graduation (B.V.Sc & A.H ,M.V.Sc & Ph.D.) from PAU & HAU in year 1990 India, he joined as an assistant professor to the University of Tehran in year 1991 and was self-promotion to full professor in year 2007. His master –plan was focused in orthopedic and spine surgery, lameness, physiotherapy and experimental surgery. He was selected as a distinguished and eminent researcher in year 2007 and 2009 in the University of Tehran. He has published three surgery books, and having 115 publications in his CV, participated in 62 national and international congresses with109 research papers. He directly supervised 98 undergraduates and 30 post–graduate students. He has 41 applied research projects. He is expert in PRT and PDC intervertebral disc treatment via CTScan. Presently he is acting as Director of Research at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract:

Statement of the problem: Dogs with cervical vertebrae disc degeneration, budging and even calcification and even with wobbler syndrome show various clinical signs depends upon several factors, especially, the pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots, which are quite painful. Conservative management usually accompanied by mildly wobbly gait, but with repeated episodes of neck pain, surgery with replacement of disc recommended

Methodology & Materials: The complete cervical vertebrae from two medium size mongrel dogs cadaver were collected. The total of 3 discs along with end-plate and bodies were removed from each cadaver and transplanted to 3 other adult –large male mixed breed (25±30 Kg.bw) after complete removal of 3^rd normal vertebral disc in each dog and stabilized with double 2.7 mm cancellous screw. Allograft osteodisc was impregnated with 1 ml broth of autologous mesenchymal stem cells before replacement (10-¹⁰) in first 3 dogs whereas the rest of 3 dogs used as control one. Five main radiographic parameters including osteodisc density, osteophytes and calcification of grafted tissue, dislocation and distance of grafted disc beside complication, infection and fracture were recorded before and after operation and at 6 months.

Findings: Radiographic data showed that grafted osteodisc plays a role in reconstruction or maintenance of intervertebral functional spinal unit, treated segment, and adjacent segments and did not show a significant difference before and after replacement. Clinical outcomes indicated that using osteodisc allograft for cervical disk replacement is reliable. Heterogenous density with no dislocation and discopathy in one case with variable changes in disc distance were prominent radiographic findings.

Conclusion & Significance: A disc replacement is thought to reduce mechanical stress when compared to a fusion. Using osteodisc allograft besides maintaining the “movable” normal cervical joints, preserving motion in the spine which is an ideal outcome.

Biography:

Tal Raz is a Reproductive Biologist and a Theriogenologist at the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), Hebrew University, Israel. In 2002, he graduated as a DVM from KSVM, Hebrew University. In 2004 he began a three-year Theriogenology Residency Program in Animal Reproduction at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, and in 2007, he became a Diplomate of the American College of Theriogenologists (ACT). In 2010, he completed his PhD in Animal Reproduction at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, and thereafter conducted a Post-doctoral fellowship at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. Since 2013, he is a Faculty Member and Researcher at the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University. His current research is focused on the association between animal welfare and the reproductive system, the development of non-surgical sterilization methods, as well as the physiology and pathology of the female reproductive system.

Abstract:

Background: Overpopulation of stray cats is a major problem due to negative impacts on animal welfare, public nuisance and health, as well as possible harm to wildlife. Surgical sterilization is commonly used to prevent breeding; however, it has practical disadvantages and usually does not adequately implemented in a sufficient large-scale in field conditions. Therefore, attempts are made to develop non-surgical contraception/sterilization methods. Rabies is a deadly virus which may infect people and animals. Our objective was to examine the short-term safety and efficacy of anti-GnRH vaccine (GonaCon), combined with rabies vaccine.

Methodology & Study Design: Mature feral female cats were divided into the following groups: (I) GonaCon-rabies: vaccinated with GonaCon and rabies (n=5); (II) GonaCon2-rabies: vaccinated twice with GonaCon (3w apart) and with rabies (n=4); (III) OVx-rabies: vaccinated against rabies and underwent ovariohysterectomy (n=4); (IV) Intact-rabies: vaccinated against rabies and remained intact (n=3). Cats were monitored and sampled every two weeks for 14 weeks. Data analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA or Fisher exact test.

Results: There were neither systemic nor local adverse reactions at vaccination sites. Blood tests analyses revealed no differences among groups. There were no differences in the level of serum rabies antibodies among groups, and cats kept a protective antibodies titer (>0.5 IU/ml) starting at 2-4 weeks after vaccination. Anti-GnRH antibodies were detected in all GonaCon vaccinated cats, except for one cat in the GonaCon2-rabies group, which did not develop any anti-GnRH antibodies titer. Vaginal cytology and hormonal analyses support the effectiveness of GonaCon. The results of this study support the conclusion that in the short term, the combined vaccination with GonaCon and rabies is safe and effective. It also showed that there was no influence of the GonaCon vaccine on the rabies vaccine response and vice versa; however, further long-term studies are warranted before this regimen can be widely recommended.

Biography:

S D Ingole is a Professor of Veterinary Physiology at Bombay Veterinary College, Mumbai, India, and has 18 years of experience in research and teaching. He has expertise in Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology and has passion in improving the reproductive status of cattles. He has been conducting research on ovarian stem cells, pregnancy associated glycoproteins, urinary pregnanediol-3-glucoronide in buffaloes and use of melatonin in bull semen.

Abstract:

The production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) during cryopreservation of semen alters the sperm motion and mobility characteristics, which results in poor or failure of conception rate after artificial insemination. Melatonin (MLT) being an antioxidant molecule is able to modulate the effect of ROS and prevents spermatozoa by reducing the oxidative stress during freezing process. Total of eight ejaculates were collected from eight healthy Holstein Friesian bulls and diluted with Tris egg yolk glycerol extender. Each ejaculates were divided into five equal aliquots as control - pre-freeze, control – post-thaw without addition of melatonin and other three aliquots with 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM and 0.25 mM melatonin. After 48 hours of cryopreservation, the post-thaw samples were analyzed for motility parameters by Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) and ultrastructure changes by means of transmission electron microscopy. The CASA results showed no significant difference between the control – post-thaw samples and melatonin treated samples, however, the velocity of spermatozoa with regard to the Straight Line Velocity (VSL), Average Path Velocity (VAP) showed highest increase in the 0.25 mM MLT treated semen followed by 0.1 mM MLT treated semen except for VCL where velocity increased with increase in the concentration of melatonin. The vigour of spermatozoa regard to Beat Cross Frequency (BCF), Straightness (STR), Linearity (LIN), recorded highest increase in the 0.25 mM MLT treated semen followed by 0.1 mM MLT treated semen except for the Lateral Head Displacement (ALH) where vigour increased with increase in the concentration of melatonin. The electron micrography images illustrated that the addition of 0.1 mM melatonin protected the plasma membrane and acrosome region and maintained the ultrastructure integrity of the cryopreserved spermatozoa when compared to control group, whereas the electron micrography of spermatozoa treated with 0.2 and 0.25 mM melatonin illustrated highest damage to the plasma and acrosome membrane. Thus concluding that inclusion of melatonin to sperm extender can improve the post-thaw quality of cryopreserved bull spermatozoa.

Biography:

Sarnarinder Singh Randhawa is a renowned Animal Health Specialist and has contributed significantly in development of cost effective technologies for enhancing livestock production, reproduction and health by undertaking, need based applied research in areas of animal nutrition, diagnostics, therapeutics and disease management. He has about thirty-eight years of experience in various capacities including as Professor and Head  in PAU, Ludhiana, India; Former Director of Research; Dean Post Graduate Studies and; Director of Extension Education (GADVASU) in development and strengthening of veterinary sciences and livestock by making policy decisions, planning, implementation and monitoring of livestock; technical manpower development, development and transfer of technologies. He has published 348 research papers, invited papers, book chapters, manuals etc including in 11 conferences in ten (10) countries abroad and 43 in India including as Chairman/Co-Chairman. As Director of Research, he coordinated research by outsourcing funds through more than 100 research projects from various external agencies in India and International sources in Canada, USA, UK and Australia. He is Recipient of five fellowships viz. FNAAS, FNAVS, FISVM, FIAAVR, FASAW.

Abstract:

Production diseases are a group of conditions previously termed as metabolic diseases, some of which were well known and extensively studied but others less so, with majority being due to input and output deficit, or, in other words, to inadequate intake of the various nutrients needed for production. Roots of production diseases lie in the interaction between the animal’s physiology and the environment in which it lives. In addition to the traditional metabolic disorders in dairy cows like milk fever and ketosis, production diseases now encompasses hepatic lipidosis, subclinical acidosis, mastitis, endometritis, retained placenta and other post parturient reproductive disorders, and feet and leg abnormalities inducing lameness, such as laminitis and digital dermatitis. Transition period is often considered to occur from three weeks pre-partum to three weeks post-partum, as during this time frame homeorhetic regulation of metabolic functions is necessary in order to accommodate demands of parturition and lactogenesis. Recently, studies have shown that proper nutritional management during early dry period is important for maintaining health and productivity of transition cows. There is restricted availability of energy sources due to decreased dry matter intake (DMI) (decreases up to 30%) in the last three weeks of gestation and thus becoming the major factor for negative energy balance during a time of increased demand. Keeping in view the importance of production diseases in dairy industry the future research is more focussed towards prediction and prevention ideology. Generally veterinarians use various allopathic medications to treat each production disease, but there are variable responses and adverse effects related to dose, drug interaction and anaphylactic reactions. To overcome these problems, herbal supplementation is one of the alternatives, as there is less chance of toxicity, easy availability and also economical. Indian subcontinent is full of plant species having medicinal values, thus, researchers all over world are evaluating various herbal formulations for improving immunity, reducing oxidative stress, infections and improving milk production, shelf life as well as calf health which are the future producers. Extensive trails were undertaken to evaluate efficacy of herbal vitamin E- Selenium (E-Sel POWER, Indian Herbs Specialities Pvt Ltd., Saharanpur, India) for prevention of oxidative stress and mastitis. Similarly, comprehensive studies were also undertaken on herbal biocholine and LivoLiv-250 (Indian herbs Specialities Pvt Ltd., Saharanpur, India) for prevention and treatment of ketosis and hepatic lipidosis. The results were based on comprehensive evaluation of various hemato-biochemical parameters, plasma mineral profile, milk quality along with ultrasonographic evaluation of back fat thickness (BFT) and liver. Studies revealed promising results of these herbal formulations at specific doses.

Biography:

M Khodadadi has completed her PhD from Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch. She has completed her Master’s in Aquaculture. She has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals (ISI and ISC) and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute. She is Managing Editor in Marine Biology Iran and Ecobiology of Wetland.

Abstract:

In this study, some parameters of reproductive biology of the Longnose trevally (Carangoides chrysophrys), gonadosomatic index, sex ratio, absolute fecundity and relative fecundity and gonadal development stages were investigated. Sampling in the waters of the Hormozgan Province from March 2013 to March 2014 with fishing vessels by trawl and gillnet was performed. In the study, a total of 376 specimens were investigated. Of this number 194 were male, 137 female and 45 immature. The female-to-male sex ratio was 1.42. The maximum absolute fecundity for the period March 21^st- April 20^th was 479992 ovules and the maximum relative fecundity in the period October 23^rd-November 21^st was 354 ovules per gram. The minimum absolute fecundity computed was 98247 for the period June 22^nd-July 22^nd and the minimum relative fecundity was 125 ovules per gram for the period June 22^nd- July 22^th. The mean Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) computed for various months was 1.28 and the greatest gonadosomatic index was 2.86 for the period March 21^st- April 20^th and the minimum GSI was 0.43 for the period May 22^nd-June 21^st. The length at first maturity was 46 cm (LM 50).

Biography:

Abstract:

The present investigation has been done on pure Arabian mares that reared in private horse studs. 50 non-pregnant mares were selected and examined to be categorized as healthy or infertile mares. Infertility cases included clinical endometritis and anoestrus mares. The purpose of the study was to assess some oxidative/antioxidant enzymes some biochemical metabolites, lipogram, trace elements and reproductive hormones throughout reproductive conditions in mares during regular estrous, anestrum and endometritis. Furthermore, different treatments of infertility using various natural products were used. Results elaborated high concentrations of the free radicals, lipogram changes, and low levels of trace elements besides disturbance in reproductive hormones in the blood of infertile mare. Using natural products (fertility herbs mix, avocado and aloe vera combination with other natural products) were effective in treating various low fertile cases. In conclusion, using natural products in proper way and regular dosing is effective in controlling and treating infertility problems in Arabian mares.

Biography:

Tal Raz is a Reproductive Biologist and a Theriogenologist at the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), Hebrew University, Israel. In 2002 he graduated as a DVM from KSVM, Hebrew University. In 2004 he began a three-year Theriogenology Residency Program in Animal Reproduction at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, and in 2007, he became a Diplomate of the American College of Theriogenologists (ACT). In 2010, he completed his PhD in Animal Reproduction at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, and thereafter conducted a Post-doctoral fellowship at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. Since 2013, he is a Faculty Member and Researcher at the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University. His current research is focused on the association between animal welfare and the reproductive system, the development of non-surgical sterilization methods, as well as the physiology and pathology of the female reproductive system.

Abstract:

Background: In most countries around the world, piglets routinely undergo a set of invasive procedures during the first days of their lives, which commonly includes tail docking, teeth clipping and surgical castration However, each of these procedures involves a degree of tissue damage potentially resulting in pain and stress, which may have negative short and long term effects on the piglet’s health, welfare and production measurements. Our objective was to examine production and welfare parameters of pigs from birth to slaughter under different managements, by avoiding these procedures, while providing alternatives such as anti-GnRH vaccine and environmental enrichment.

Study Design & Methodology: Litters (n=32 sows; 329 piglets; 3 days after farrowing) were allocated randomly into one of four groups; G1: surgical castration, tail docking and teeth clipping, without environmental enrichment; G2: same as G1, but meaningful environmental enrichment was provided; G3: non-surgical sterilization with anti-GnRH vaccine (Improvac®), tail docking, teeth clipping, with environmental enrichment; G4: none of the invasive procedures were performed, piglet were vaccinated (Improvac®) and environmental enrichment was provided.

Results: Mixed-effects linear regression model revealed that slaughter weight significantly increased when invasive procedures were avoided and environmental enrichment was provided. Weight interval from birth to slaughter was higher in G4 (G1:992±107, G2:999±14, G3:1036±158, G4:1065±16 Kg; P<005). The odds ratio to be weak, dead or injured in the conventional, non-enriched G1, was 89% higher than in G4 (P<005) Hair cortisol at weaning, as a marker for chronic stress during lactation, decreased gradually as management becomes welfare friendlier (-366 pg/mg for each step group, G1→G2→G3→G4; P<005). Anti-GnRH vaccine was effective in reducing serum and hair testosterone, similar to surgical castration. In conclusion, replacing surgical castration by anti-GnRH vaccine, avoiding teeth clipping and tail docking and providing environmental enrichment are better alternatives that would substantially benefit both the animals and farmers.

Biography:

Kehe Huang is currently a Professor and Head of Clinical Subject, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, China. He earned his DVM and PhD in Veterinary Pathology from Nanjing Agricultural University in 1982 and 1994, respectively. In 1982, 1994 and 1999, he accepted Assistant Professor, Associate Professor and Full Professor positions at Nanjing Agricultural University, where he has been since that time. He has been working as Chair of Clinical Department from 1998 to 2017. He was a Visiting Scientist at universities in United States and UK in 1996-1998, 2009. He has been working in teaching of veterinary internal medicine, study on nutrient-immunity interactions, and diagnosis and treatment of veterinary clinic. His work leads to development of selenium-enriched probiotics, a new organic source of selenium and a new understanding for application of organic selenium on animal production. He has over 280 refereed publications, including over 80 SCI publications.

Abstract:

In recent years, numerous studies indicated that organic Se is more bioavailable. However, little has been done about the mechanisms of how selenomethionine (SeMet) protects against AFB1 and OTA - induced toxicity. Firstly, the primary splenocytes isolated from healthy pigs were stimulated by anti-pig-CD3 monoclonal antibodies and treated by various concentrations of SeMet and AFB1. The results showed that SeMet supplementation alleviated the immunotoxicity of AFB1 in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of buthionine sulfoximine abrogated the protective effects of SeMet against AFB1. SeMet enhanced mRNA and protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), selenoprotein S (SelS), and thioredoxin reductase 1 without and with AFB1 treatments. Furthermore, knockdown of GPx1 and SelS by GPx1-specific siRNA and SelS-specific siRNA diminished the protective effects of SeMet against AFB1-induced immunotoxicity. Secondly, the protective effects of SeMet against OTA-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated in PK15 cells. The results showed that OTA induced nephrotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. SeMet at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 µM had significant protective effects against OTA-induced nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, SeMet enhanced the activity, mRNA and protein expression of GPx1, mRNA expression of GPx4, mRNA expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 in the presence and absence of OTA. Knock-down of GPx1 by using a GPx1-specific siRNA eliminated the protective effects of SeMet against OTA-induced nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, SeMet diminishes AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and OTA-induced nephrotoxicity by improving selenoprotein expression in PK15 cells.

Biography:

Amar Nasir has completed his PhD from the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Pakistan) in collaboration with the School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy campus, the University of Adelaide, S.A., Australia. He is currently serving as Assistant Professor Medicine at the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and also peer reviewed papers for the local and international Journals.

Abstract:

Milk adulteration is emerging as one of the key issues of public health concern in the Asian countries particularly in the developing countries like Pakistan inflicting major economic losses to the dairy industry. This study was aimed to probe various adulterants and their impact on physico-chemical characteristics of milk marketed in Tehsil Shorkot (Punjab) and to evaluate the microbial status of the milk during 2016-17. A total of three hundred (n=300) milk samples collected from urban and peri-urban localities were examined for evaluating different adulterants as well as the physico-chemical profile, using a commercial kit and milk analyzer, respectively. In addition, the milk microbiological status was determined by culturing adulterated and non-adulterated milk samples on an appropriate medium to appraise the type and extent of bacterial contamination. The results showed that 91% milk samples were water adulterated, followed by Cane sugar (13.3%), formalin 9.7%, boric acid 9%, hydrogen peroxide 8.3%, carbonate 6.3%, starch 6.3%, urea 5.7%, soap 4.7%, sodium chloride 3.7%, Quaternary ammonium compounds 3.3% and sorbitol 2.6%, respectively. These adulterants markedly affected the freezing point, fat percentage, protein content, pH, total solids, solids-not-fat and lactose content of milk samples to -0.54^oC, 3.4%, 2.4%, 7.3, 10.3%, 6% and 3.22%, respectively. Culturing and isolation of bacteria from raw milk samples demonstrated a significantly higher difference (P<0.05) in the incidence of E. coli and Enterobacter aerogenes contaminating adulterated milk than non-adulterated. It was concluded that milk adulteration is common malpractice in the study area posing a potential health risk for the consumers.

Biography:

Abstract:

Although more than 100 people have been infected by H5N1 influenza A viruses, human-to-human transmission is rare1. What are the molecular barriers limiting human-to-human transmission? Here we demonstrate an anatomical difference in the distribution in the human airway of the different binding molecules preferred by the avian and human influenza viruses. The respective molecules are sialic acid linked to galactose by an α-2,3 linkage (SAα2,3Gal) and by an α-2,6 linkage (SAα2,6Gal)2. Our findings may provide a rational explanation for why H5N1 viruses at present rarely infect and spread between humans although they can replicate efficiently in the lungs. Avian and human flu viruses seem to target different regions of a patient & apos;s respiratory tract. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of subtypes H5 and H7 are the causative agents of fowl plague in poultry. Influenza A viruses of subtype H5N1 also caused severe respiratory disease in humans in Hong Kong in 1997 and 2003, including at least seven fatal cases, posing a serious human pandemic threat. Between the end of February and the end of May 2003, a fowl plague outbreak occurred in The Netherlands. A highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus of subtype H7N7, closely related to low pathogenic virus isolates obtained from wild ducks, was isolated from chickens. The same virus was detected subsequently in 86 humans who handled affected poultry and in three of their family members. Of these 89 patients, 78 presented with conjunctivitis, 5 presented with conjunctivitis and influenza-like illness, 2 presented with influenza-like illness, and 4 did not fit the case definitions. Influenza-like illnesses were generally mild, but a fatal case of pneumonia in combination with acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred also. Most virus isolates obtained from humans, including probable secondary cases, had not accumulated significant mutations. However, the virus isolated from the fatal case displayed 14 amino acid substitutions, some of which may be associated with enhanced disease in this case. Because H7N7 viruses have caused disease in mammals, including horses, seals, and humans, on several occasions in the past, they may be unusual in their zoonotic potential and, thus, form a pandemic threat to humans.

Biography:

Abdalla Fadlalla Azrug has completed his PhD in Veterinary Helminthology at the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey in 2011. He was the Director for two regional veterinary research laboratories in West Sudan from 1999-2012. Currently, he is the Manager of the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Agriculture and Marine Resources Affairs, Manama, Bahrain, a governmental diagnostic and research laboratory in the veterinary services sector. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and scientific international conference books participating in many international conferences related to the field of veterinary science and one health. He acted in the position of OIE Delegate for Kingdom of Bahrain from 2014 -2017.

Abstract:

Background: A targeted investigative survey was conducted in a chicken farm in Bahrain with 17 pigeons due to owner complain that two pigeons died from respiratory disorders and edema of the faces and wattles. Infectious coryza is a worldwide cosmopolitan acute upper respiratory disease of chickens involving pigeons caused by the pathogen Avibacterium Haemophilus paragallinarum. It is an infectious chicken disease primarily affecting upper respiratory tract usually resulting in marked economic losses as reduction of egg production and losses particularly on multi-age farms. Facial swelling, lacrimation, nasal discharges, anorexia represent the most dominant clinical symptoms of the disease.

Material & Methods: Physical examination of the sick pigeons and the post mortem findings of freshly dead two birds showed subcutaneous edema in the face and wattles, conjunctivitis and catarrhal inflammation in nasal sinuses and passages. A total number of 17 pigeons were tested of which 6 (35.3%) were found showing variable clinical signs of upper respiratory disorders. Sterile cotton swab samples were collected perfectly from the infra-orbital sinuses and trachea of the six clinically sick pigeons. A total of 15 sterile samples were obtained from the clinically sick pigeons. These sterile cotton swab samples were used for the microbial cultural examination on (5-10%) sheepblood agar and chocolate agar with TM/SN medium. The swab samples were also preserved in a glycerol phosphate buffered saline (G-PBS) in the laboratory.

Results: Infectious coryza’s confirmatory diagnosis is usually performed by the typical clinical manifestations, cultural demonstration of specific colonies and biochemical tests in the developing countries, although the PCR molecular diagnosis is the accurate basis of the disease diagnosis. The microbial cultures resulted in a typical short rods mucoid, rough colony, dew drop like morphological feature of the organism was shown in seven samples (46.7%). Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for the isolates with 5 different broad-antibiotics commonly used locally for poultry industry in Bahrain. The sensitivity testing showed variable sensitivity reactions to the chosen antibiotics as gentamicin (87.2%), chloramphenicol (86.3%), ampicillin (85.9%), doxycycline (82.6%) and streptomycin (79.2%) respectively.

Discussions & Conclusion: This is the first study on the incidence and prevalence of infectious coryza in Bahrain poultry farms, so it is recommended the necessity of further field farms level surveys. Infectious coryza is an acute respiratory infection in chickens characterized by high morbidity (35.3%), but low mortality rates (11.7%) as shown in this survey. Chicken ages, farm management system and prophylactic drugs used were seen factors of variable impact on the disease situation in Bahrain.

Biography:

Eman Khalifa Sedeek is an Acting Dean of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Matrouh Branch; Assistant Professor of Microbiology and Immunology; Manager of Information Technology (IT Unit). She has her expertise in Biotechnology, Food Microbiology, Animal Microbiology and Molecular diagnostic Microbiology. She has the first record in Egypt and worldwide for isolation and identification of Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai from Egyptian immunocompromised cattle with Mycobacterium bovis infection with international record from Mycological Center, Assiut University, and has been published in Nature Precedings.

Abstract:

Dairy farm environment could become contaminated with Salmonella following outbreaks of illness, colonization of animals or by general contamination. The present study investigated a total number of 95 samples collected from three dairy farms in three different localities at Assiut Province including air (25), water (35) and manure (35) samples for detection of Salmonella species by bacteriological isolation, morphological, biochemical and serological identification followed by molecular characterization for the presence of six virulence genes; pefA (700bp), mgtC (677bp), stn (617bp), sopB (517bp), invA (284bp) and avrA (422bp) in Salmonella isolates. Bacteriological examination revealed the isolation of 3 (3.2%) Salmonella isolates from totally examined samples, which were identified serologically as one (2.9%) Salmonella enterica serotype sandow isolated from water and two Salmonella enterica serotype saintpaul from air and manure (one from each with 2.9% of each). Molecular characterization of the three Salmonella isolates revealed that all six tested virulence genes; except sopB (517bp); presented in Salmonella enterica serotype sandow isolated from water, while all 6 tested virulence genes found in Salmonella enterica serotype saintpaul isolated from manure and found that invA (284bp) was the only virulence gene located in Salmonella enterica serotype saintpaul isolated from air. This study highlighted on the potential sources for Salmonella contamination moreover the epidemiology of salmonellosis in dairy farms that necessitate following of strict healthful measures to reduce the risk of Salmonella infection that still constitutes a significant world zoonosis particularly through contamination of dairy farm environments that contribute to extend the recycling of Salmonella that considered the most vital sources of animal and human infection with Salmonella.

Biography:

Julio V Figueroa  is currently working as a Researcher and Head of the National Research Center for Veterinary Parasitology, INIFAP, in Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico. He obtained his Veterinary Medicine degree from the State of Mexico Autonomous University in Toluca, Mexico, and MSc and PhD degrees in Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology at the University of Columbia-Missouri, in Columbia, MO, USA. He has conducted research on tick borne diseases of cattle during the past 30 years and has published over 70 research papers in peer reviewed international journals.

Abstract:

The development of a subunit vaccine against Babesia bigemina probably requires the inclusion of multiple immunogenic peptides of several proteins. Some of the antigens proposed as candidates are: RAP-1, a 58-kDa rhoptry associated protein; GP45, a 45 kDa merozoite surface glycoprotein; and 12D3, a 42 kDa apical complex protein. Previous studies performed individually with RAP-1 or Gp45 from B. bigemina and 12D3 from B. bovis have shown the induction of partial protection to challenge with a homologous strain. However, the immunoprotective potential of these antigens has not been tested in a combined form as a cocktail. To determine the immunogenicity in cattle inoculated with a cocktail of RAP-1, GP45 and 12D3 recombinant proteins, eighteen 9-10 months old, Bostaurus steers, serologically negative to Babesia sp, and from a ranch free of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks were used. Cattle were divided at random into 3 groups of 6 animals each. Group I was inoculated on day 0 with 1 ml of PBS emulsified in Montanide 75 adjuvant. Group II received 100 μg of each recombinant protein plus adjuvant, for 2 occasions with a difference of 15 days. Group III cattle were vaccinated with 1x108 infected frozen erythrocytes containing an attenuated strain of B. bigemina. Cattle immunized with the recombinant proteins cocktail seroconverted after the second immunization, presenting with relatively high levels of antibodies to 12D3 as measured by an indirect ELISA with the recombinant proteins as antigen. Immunized animals seroconverted specifically and recognized the authentic antigens of B. bigemina, as evidenced by an immunofluorescence assay using infected erythrocytes as antigen. Cattle will be challenged with a virulent strain of B. bigemina to verify whether the immunogen tested as a cocktail of recombinant proteins confers any protection in the immunized cattle.

Biography:

S.K. Saha, PhD, FNAVS, Principal Scientists born on 1st November, 1967 in India and started his career as scientist in 1994 at Animal Science division, CARI, Port Blair, A &amp; N islands. He served as a scientist for seven and half years in the CARI at Port Blair, where he worked on use of alternate available feeds in islands for livestock production, use of probiotics for livestock and poultry production, developed different feeding schedule for livestock and poultry, use of tree leaves for goat production. Presently, he is fully engaged in teaching, research and extension activities at IVRI. He is working in the area of unconventional feeds, its detoxification and utilization. He published many books and seventy research papers. He bagged many awards and recognition in his career. He has also visited USA and undergone training on mitigation strategies of methane production in ruminant at Iowa State University, Ames, USA. He is also recipient of Endeavour fellowship by the Govt. of Australia for post doctorate and guided many students as a major advisor.      

Abstract:

Indian farmers can neither spare land for feed and fodder production nor can they afford to buy expensive concentrates to feed their animals. Therefore, efficient utilization of land for forage production and utilization of unconventional and less utilized plant feed resources for ruminants are very important. The shortage of dry fodder, green fodder and concentrate is as high as 40% and fodder which is being cultivated in only 4% of the agricultural land which is not adequate to meet the requirement of fodder in the country. The figure compiled by National Dairy Development Board consultancy Service estimates the shortage of green fodder (36%), dry fodder (40%) and feed concentrates (57%). The scenario appears alarming in case of availability of quality fodder seeds since as per the estimates of NDDB, about 40,000 tons of fodder seeds are produced against a demand of about 5.4 lakh tons annually (MOA, Govt. of India, 1992). In such situation proper utilization of the available resources and finding the alternative to meet the demand of the feed is important. To focus on unconventional feed for its better utilization to increase productivity and performance is only option in hand.  Generally, for ruminant feeding, there is no need of quality protein supplement in concentrate mixture. Because, the most of the protein present in feed is degraded into ammonia by rumen microorganism and converted into urea in liver and ultimately excreted through kidney, which result in total wastage of feeding costly protein. However, there is a minimum quantity of protein (40%) which is bypassed from the rumen, which gets degraded into amino acids in the lower digestive tract and utilized for synthesis of various classes of body protein. The present problem in the world is the emission of Green House Gases (GHG) by anthropogenic activity. Whilst CO₂ receives substantial attention as a possible cause of global warming, atmospheric concentrations of CH₄, chlorofluorocarbons and N₂O have markedly increased in the last 150 years and may be contributing to global warming, which is having an impact on many plant and animal species worldwide. Although the most dramatic effects are expected in the next decades when crop and forage yields might be reduced because of drought and extreme weather (Olesen and Bindi, 2002). This scenario might impair animal production, but also socio-economic vulnerability (IPCC, 2007). All these aspects of enteric CH₄ production have encouraged the scientific community to find out alternatives to mitigate GHG emissions. Whilst numerous chemical additives and antibiotics have been tested and used for this purpose, contemporary consumer demands orient towards the use of ‘natural products’ to alter rumen fermentation. Unconventional feeds containing bioactive products such as essential oils, saponin and tannin (Wallace et al., 2002) may be exploited as good feed supplements and to reduce CH₄emissions in ruminant production system. Recently, these phytochemicals have been tested as natural additives to decrease CH₄ production (Patra and Saxena, 2009b).  It was reported that the unconventional cakes viz. karanj (Pongamia Galabra), neem seed (Azadirachita Indica) cake, mustard oil cake (Brassica indica), mahua cake (Madhuca latifolia), cotton (Gossium purpurium) seed meal, castor(Ricinus communis) bean meal, jatropha (Jatropha Carcus) meal and guar meal had varying effect on the GI Nematodes, Among eight oil cakes, the extracts of karanj (Pongamia Galabra) and neem seed (Azadirachita Indica) cake exhibited maximum effect (100% at 6 h in 80 mg/ml) on motility and mortality of H.contortus.(Anandan ,2008). Further, it is concluded that the feeding of karanj(Pongamia Galabra) cake at 5% level may be used as functional feed to control the gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. We have also studied these cakes at partial replacement of the conventional cakes on the ruminant performance. It was also observed that the inclusion of these cakes in the concentrate mixture lowers the cost of production. Therefore, it is concluded that these unconventional cakes can be included at a lower level for economical and better rumen fermentation and performance.

Biography:

Falk Eckhardt is a PhD student and has his expertise in mechanisms of aging in reptiles with focus on the interplay of telomere shortening, immunosenescence and physiological stress on the short lifespan of the annual living chameleon Furcifer labordi in nature and captivity.

Abstract:

Immunosenescence, the decrease of immune efficiency with proceeding age, is increasingly recognized as having important inferences for host-parasite dynamics. Life history theory predicts that species with shorter lifespan show high investments in to growth and reproduction at the expense of immune defenses. Within tetrapods, the Labord’s chameleon (Furcifer labordi) was found to be the shortest living species. These chameleons from the deciduous dry forests from western and southwestern Madagascar have a reported lifespan of only several months. To investigate to which extent immunosenescence and liked to this increased parasite burden influences the early die-off, we examined endo, blood and ecto-parasite burden. Here, we examined a wild living population of F. labordi and for comparison the sympatric and perennial F. nicosiai in the Kirindy Forest. Moreover, we kept some individuals of F. labordi in single cages under ambient conditions with daily food and water supply. We detected a dramatic increase of endo-parasites relating to prevalence, burden and mixed infections over the reproductive period in wild F. labordi. Interestingly, males of F. labordi showed a significantly higher prevalence of intestinal parasites. Moreover, in caged individuals both sexes showed delayed senescence, less parasite burden and were longer living than their conspecifics in nature. Furthermore, F. nicosiai was found to have a belated increase in endo-parasites compared to F. labordi.

Biography:

Al-Zoubi M is studying and working at Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. His interest includes various programs, contributions and participation in different events for diverse fields of study.

Abstract:

The Shetland ponies are now most popular pony breed distributed in almost every corner of the world, which originates from harshest environments in the world islands in the north of the Atlantic Ocean. Reference ranges of physiological, biochemical and haematological values are widely used in veterinary clinics and its values may differ according many factors like breed, age, sex, type of feeding, season and environmental circumstances of the area, where the animal lives. The study was conducted between December 2016 to June 2017 on Ponies in and around Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia. Twenty-three clinically healthy ponies males and females of different ages were included for haematological and biochemical analysis in this study. Blood samples were collected in summer and winter. Four physiological, fourteen haematological, sixteen biochemical and serum cortisol were analyzed. The heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse and rectal temperature were increased in summer comparison to winter. The results of blood haematology and biochemistry of the ponies revealed that there was no significant variation between summer and winter in most of the haematological and biochemical parameters, while there was slight significant deference in leucocyte counts, monocyte, MCH, platelets, MPV, AST and K+. There was a significant difference in serum cortisol concentration regarding season and age but no significant variation was regarding gender.

Biography:

Haile completed her undergraduate degree in Food Science and Engineering from Inner Mongolia Agricultural University in 2014, after which she started Doctoral studies in Food Science under the supervision of Professor Jirimutu at her alma mater. Her main focus is the proteomics of wild and domestic Bactrian camels.

Abstract:

Depending on the genetic and health condition of the sire, the geographical location, and environmental and nutritional parameters, the duration of the estrus cycle ranges from 2 to 6 months. In China, the estrus cycle of the Bactrain camels ranges from the December to March, and out of this estrus cycle the male Bactrain camels lose their libido. During the estrus cycle, the male camels exhibit morphological, behavioral and endocrinological peculiarities and increase pacing and anxiety and becoming so aggressive towards other males and man that they cannot be handled. In breeding season due to loss of appetite, male camel loss up weight 16% to 25%. Utilizing label-free liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS) shotgun proteomics, we characterized the serum proteome at four key stages of body weight changed during the estrous cycle in the male Bactrian camel. We identified 210, 215, 220, 310 and 220 proteins in control group, stage1-4, respectively, with 178 shared between each stages. Among these 16, 20, 18, 21 differential proteins (P<0.05) on stage 1 to 4 during the estrus cycle was compared with the control group, respectively. Of these differential proteins 4, 9, 11, and 11 proteins up-regulated and 12, 11, 7, and 10 proteins down-regulated on stage1 to 4 during the estrus cycle which compared with the control group, respectively. Among these proteins, 15 up-regulation proteins and 8 down-regulation proteins showed significant and regular changes along with estrus cycle. This study is the first reported LC−MS/MS based global proteomic characterization of serum proteome of the male camel among estrus cycle proteins changes and provides novel information on the temporal alterations in serum composition during critical stages for body weight changes among estrus cycle.

Biography:

Reza Ghaffari has started his studies as Veterinary Medicine Student, in the year 2014 in one of the well-known universities in Iran. He is fast-paced learning student and at the same time a dedicated researcher in his field of study. He has a desirable passion and is so interested in gaining practical experience of his academic knowledge. One of his most valuable experiences is on working at dentistry on the animals like dogs. Meanwhile, he continues to work hard until he reaches effective and efficient results at the end of his researches.

Abstract:

Brucellosis, which is so called as undulant fever, Malta fever or Mediterranean fever, is a common bacterial disease between human being and livestock. Brucellosis is a zoonosis and mostly it is permeated by having direct or indirect contact with infected animals or on the second level by the products’ of these infected animals. Vaccination program in both small and large ruminants is running by the Veterinary organization. Although it is for complete eradication of the disease, all the affected and positive test animals must be obliterated. However, the risk of contagion remained in animals’ population. The aim of this investigation is to find out the prevalence of brucellosis in sheepdog in specific districts of Oroumieh city in West-Azerbaijan, Iran. This study lasted for 10 months, started from first of August 2015; during this time 256 dogs were sampled by collecting the blood sample from the cephalic vein, and the samples assay was performed in Reference Laboratory of West-Azerbaijan Veterinary Department. After separation of serum, Rose-Bengal test for screening of samples was done. Positive samples were investigated with Wright and 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) tests and the ultimate positive results were extracted. Regarding the final results, 28 dogs had positive samples which indicate 10.94% contamination in examined dogs. Due to the wide breeding of sheep, goats, cattle, and buffalo in West-Azerbaijan and on the other hand having dogs living among the herd, and with respect to the results of this study, the necessity of paying attention to brucellosis in sheepdogs was proved and for this issue, the followings are recommended: isolation of pregnant animals with sheepdogs in any condition; well education to animal husbandry for preventing of eating aborted fetus and exposed placenta by sheepdogs and; bio-security and sanitary observation.

Biography:

Jing He has completed her undergraduate degree in Food Science and Engineering from Inner Mongolia Agricultural University in 2014. She is pursuing her Doctorate in Food Science under the supervision of Professor Jirimutu at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. She is focusing on the application of metagenomics in the gastrointestinal microbiome of camels.  

Abstract:

The gut microbiota of mammals is a complex ecosystem, which is essential for maintaining gut homeostasis and the host’s health. The high throughput sequencing allowed us to gain a deeper insight into the bacterial structure and diversity. Bactrian camels may have a unique Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT) microbiome because of their distinctive digestive systems, unique eating habits and extreme living conditions. However, our understanding of the microbial communities in the GIT of Bactrian camels remains limited. In order to improve the understanding of the Bactrian camel, we characterized the microbiota of healthy Bactrian camels using high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hyper variable regions.  Our results showed that, firstly, Firmicutes was the predominant phylum in the feces of Inner Mongolian domestic Bactrian camels and Mongolian domestic Bactrian camels, followed by Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes were abundant. Secondly, several species has specific differences in microbial communities at the genus level, such differences may be related to different eating habits and living conditions and the various camel populations. Thirdly, we describe the bacterial communities from eight different GIT segments (rumen, reticulum, abomasum, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, caecum, colon) and feces, with Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes predominating. However, there were significant differences in microbial community composition between segments of the GIT. Fourthly, the microbial profile in the large intestine was like that in feces, but feces cannot fully represent the microbial profiles of GITs. The findings provided theoretical basis regarding the gut microbiota of Bactrian camel and may offer new insights to protect this species.

Biography:

Amir Reza Rajabi is DVM student from Babol Azad University, Babol, Iran. His main area of research interests includes the effect of the herbal medicines in poultry health issues.

Abstract:

Newcastle Disease (ND) is one of the most important and devastating disease that affected approximately 8000 species of birds. In many countries, ND has economic impact on poultry population and can severely cause economic losses in poultry industries. In spite of vaccination against new castle virus, outbreaks of ND remain common. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of amino acid supplement on the efficacy of the New Castle vaccine in broiler poultry. Hence we added amino acid supplement to the poultry diet (broiler Ross 308) on the days of vaccination. The poultries were vaccinated four time against ND (respectively: B1 beverage vaccine (day 1), Clone beverage vaccine (day 9), LaSota beverage vaccine (day 18), Avinew beverage (day 27)). To assess antibody concentration and evaluate immune system response to vaccine, the blood sampling was taken on days 2, 8, 16, 24, 32, 38 and 44 and heme inhibition (HI) test was performed. The data compared with control group (received any vaccine and amino acid supplement) and vaccinate group (received vaccine without amino acid supplement). The result showed that, in first weeks, there was no differentiation among three groups (because of the parental antibodies). After first week the antibody concentration increased gradually in vaccinate group and vaccine-amino acid group but there was not significant differentiation between these two groups. But surprisingly the poultry in vaccine-amino acid group gained more weight and less casualties. Final weight in control group, vaccinated group and vaccine-amino acid group were 2500, 2750 and 2870 grams respectively. Casualty in the control group was 10%, in the vaccinate group was 2.7% and finally in the vaccine-amino acid group was 2%.

Biography:

Melika Abdollahi is a Doctorate student who is interested in knowing more useful ways to treat any diseases; she loves to practice medicine, especially surgery so she started researching since she was in her first year of university. She is member of Iran Veterinary Association and Iran Veterinary Surgery Association, the foundation of these new methods is based on studying many valid articles in all around the world for this treatment case.

Abstract:

Objective: Give the clinical similarities in tendinopathy of energy-storing tendons, we hypothesized that a recently developed experimental model of equine tendon injury would display many of the characteristics of clinical tendinopathy and could therefore be of use for both species, thus providing comparative insight to the human condition and offering direct potential impact to equine medicine.

Procedures: In many studies, grey-scale ultrasonography (US) and color Doppler (CD) examination were performed in many horses with chronic tendon injuries and a control group of healthy and asymptomatic horses. In all symptomatic tendons, but not in any of the tendons in the control group, neovessels were seen in the area with structural tendon changes. The neovessels found in the horse tendons looked similar to what has recently been presented in human Achilles tendons. These findings motivate evaluation of same treatment, a sclerosing injection that was demonstrated recently to give promising results in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon injuries in humans.

Results: In studies seen that grey-scale ultrasonography shown that in all injured tendons there were irregular fiber and focal hypoechoic areas, the control tendons had not this diagnostic color. Doppler examination showed that in all injured tendons was neovascularization but the control tendons had not these diagnostic.

Conclusion & Clinical Relevance: All studies results provide evidence that at present no single universal treatment method has emerged and, in most instances, clinical experience influences recommendations. It would appear that early aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment and combined treatment strategies, such as tendon stabbing for core lesions, and controlled exercise regimens, coupled with regular ultrasonographic examinations are the best most clinicians can offer.

Biography:

Alireza Bashiri was born in Mashhad, 1988. He got diploma in 2006 from a grammar high school in Sirjan and has studied veterinary medicine (DVM) in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Thereafter he was accepted for the residency course (DVSc) at the University of Tehran which holds the top rank in Iran. At the moment, he is a chief resident of veterinary surgery at the University of Tehran studying in the eighth semester and as a resident have finished all courses and successfully passed the board exam in the third year. He has published several articles for my academic achievement and spent an equine surgery traineeship in Italy as a valuable practical experience during my undergraduate. Although he does research in Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Equine Surgery and Orthopedics, currently in most recent publication collaborate with Department of Basic Science.

Abstract:

For an in vivo investigation a total of 25 male Wistar rats of 6-8 weeks old and 150-200g, were equally divided into five experimental groups; control group; oral solution of ivermectin; mixture of ivermectin and vitamin A; mixture of ivermectin and vitamin C; mixture of ivermectin, vitamin A and vitamin C; weekly for three weeks. At the end of the experimentation, the rats were sacrificed and measurements of the oxidative stress factors were done. The results of the study showed that the administration of free ivermectin orally led to serum oxidative stress. However, the use of vitamin A and vitamin C might have a promising effect against stress oxidative duo to usage of the drug. The administration of free ivermectin has side effects on mammals, while use of the drug supplemented with antioxidants like vitamin A and vitamin C moderates its toxic effects.

Biography:

Alireza Bashiri was born in Mashhad, 1988. He got diploma in 2006 from a grammar high school in Sirjan and has studied veterinary medicine (DVM) in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Thereafter he was accepted for the residency course (DVSc) at the University of Tehran which holds the top rank in Iran. At the moment, he is a chief resident of veterinary surgery at the University of Tehran studying in the eighth semester and as a resident have finished all courses and successfully passed the board exam in the third year. He has published several articles for my academic achievement and spent an equine surgery traineeship in Italy as a valuable practical experience during my undergraduate. Although he does research in Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Equine Surgery and Orthopedics, currently in most recent publication collaborate with Department of Basic Science.

Abstract:

Introduction: Coxofemoral luxation is most common in dogs and cats, up to 90%. Vehicular trauma is the cause of up to 85% of coxofemoral luxations. Most common type of coxofemoral luxation is craniodorsal, in 78% of dogs and 73% cats, and rarely caudodorsal and ventral and medial. The basic principles of treatment are to restore joint stability, to reduce the formation of osteoarthritis and to restrict of animal movement. Closed reduction can be ideally made in 48-72 hours after trauma and in uncomplicated joint luxation with support of as Ehmer sling stabilization, ischio-ilial pinning or dynamic transarticular pinning. Open reductions are used for complications such as hip dysplasia existence prior to trauma, femoral and/or acetabular avulsion fractures, intra articular fractures, arthrosis, chronic luxation, closed reduction failure and extreme instability after reduction. Techniques described for open reduction include capsulorrhaphy and extracapsular suture stabilization, modified extracapsular suture stabilization, trochanteric transposition, De-Vita pinning, triple pelvic osteotomy, transposition of the sacrotuberous ligament, transacetabular pinning or transarticular pinning, toggle pin fixation, fascia lata loop stabilization, anchor sutures, total hip replacement, and femoral head and neck excision.

Results and Discussion: Postoperatively, infection signs, pain, abnormal implant position, the hip joint laxity or reluxation were not detected in clinical and radiological examinations After one-week dog can walk without any sign of lameness and pain. Information regarding long-term survival and postoperative complications were obtained from the owners by telephone 6 months or more after surgery and they didn’t occur. Toggle rod stabilization allows early use of the limb after surgery and may be beneficial such as chronic luxations, multiple limb injuries, mild hip dysplasia. Taggle Rod stabilization success rate is 89% and appropriate for dog below 10 kg and owner satisfaction is 80%, beside if frailer accurse the patient have chance of coxofemoral prosthesis. Toggle pin can be disrupted by suture breaking between femoral head and acetabulum and failed primarily by breakage of the suture at the rod eyelet. It has been reported reluxation rates 11% and 23% also osteoarthritis in regards to knotting in tight manner. In this case, the suture materials were sufficiently knotted without causing osteoarthritis and reluxation. Although investigation of long-term results and more cases would be further practical value and essential, this creative method seems to be practically easy and the materials of innovate modified toggle pin are common, does not react, with high durability so could be recommended for the treatment of coxofemoral luxations in small animals.

Biography:

Zymantiene J is the Head of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Her current research interests are animal physiology, nutrition and welfare. She is author and co-author of more than 38 scientific publications, 22 popular research articles and 22 academic books. She is a member of Lithuanian Ethical Committee on the use of experimental animals under State Food and Veterinary Service, Lithuanian Physiological Society and Lithuanian Scientific Society.

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to assess behavior chart of Wistar rats fed with high and low protein standard pellet diets. The first (n=10) and the second (n=10) group of rats received ad libitum standard diet containg 19.91% and 21.50% crude protein, respectively, over the period of one year. The animals were individually housed in laboratory cages under standardized environmental conditions (temperature 22±2°C, relative humidity 50±10%, 12 h light-dark cycle). Rat’s behavior was analyzed by assessing 12 video segments (walking, climbing, immobility, immobile sniffing, head dip, front paw licking, hind paw licking, face grooming, body grooming, rearing, eating and drinking) of ethogram. The average daily consumption of feed and water did not differ between the groups. Obtained results indicated that different protein level in diets has negative effect on behavior in rats. Activities in walking, climbing, face and body grooming significantly decreased from 3 to 4 times in group II, than in group I. Furthermore, in rats fed with high protein content diet ears and vibrissae movements decreased by 5.35%, lethargy occurred more frequently (12.11%) and small tumors under the skin in various regions of the body were observed. The present findings display that higher protein level in diet demonstrates behavioral reductions and probably stimulates tumor incidence. This fact is significant for scientists using rats as an experimental animals in veterinary or biomedical research.

Biography:

U Spancerniene obtained her Master degree in Veterinary Medicine at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LSMU). Currently she is a PhD student at LSMU, supervised by Professor Arunas Stankevicius, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Laboratory of Immunology, LSMU. Her PhD thesis focus on the prevalence and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus in Lithuanian pigs and wild animals also the impact of zoonotic hepatitis E virus strains on public health.

Abstract:

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans, an emerging zoonosis mainly transmitted via food or close contact with infected animals in developed countries and for which domestic pigs, wild boar and deer are recognised as the plausible reservoirs. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of zoonotic HEV strains in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wildlife populations. In order to identify the direct prevalence of zoonotic HEV strains in animals destinated for human consumption, markers for ongoing infection were evaluated by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In this study, 20.9% of pigs, 15.95% of wild boar, 13.33% of roe deer, 6.67% of red deer and 7.69% of moose samples were tested as HEV positive with the open reading frame (ORF) 1 primers, whereas only 14.43% of pigs samples, 10% of wild boars and 8.33% of roe deer samples scored positive with the ORF2 primers. Phylogenetic tree revealed that Lithuanian HEV sequences were assigned to genotype 3 and clustered within subtype 3i in wild boars and roe deers, meanwhile subtype 3f has been noticed in domestic pigs. Present findings demonstrate that markers for ongoing infection confirmed prevalence of HEV in pigs, wild boar and roe deer population thus highlight significant concern of zoonotic virus transmission for human through food chain or direct contact with wildlife.

Biography:

Jamal Hussen collected his experience in Veterinary Immunology after many years of research and teaching at different international veterinary institutions. In his current research activity, he focuses on the characterization of the cellular immune system in dromedary camel.

Abstract:

Some species like cattle, sheep and poultry are known to have a high percentage of gd T cells in their peripheral blood and they are therefore, referred to as gd T cell high species bovine gd T cells, which play a role in immune defense on epithelial and mucosal surfaces, may comprise up to 60% of blood mononuclear cells in young calves and decrease as the animals age. Whether camels belong to this group of species with high gd T cell proportion in blood, it is unknown. In the current study, flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of age on the percentage and immunophenotype of gd T cells in the peripheral blood of dromedary camels. Dromedary camels were grouped according to their age as young (1-5 years old) and old (6-11 years old) camels. Separated camel PBMC were incubated with monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with camel gd T cell antigen (WC1) and the cell surface molecules, CD62L, CD11a, CD11b and CD18 Labelled cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentages of WC1-positive gd T cells were higher in young camels in comparison to older camels. Although the expression level of CD11a, CD11b and CD18 on WC1-positive cells did not differ between young and old animals, old camels showed reduced expression level of CD62L in comparison to young animals. Our results showed that camels belong to the gd T cell high species. In addition, the higher expression levels of CD62L on WC1-positive of older camels may indicate a special age-dependent role for this cell adhesion molecule in the gd cell migration in camels.

Biography:

Alireza Bashiri was born in Mashhad, 1988. He got diploma in 2006 from a grammar high school in Sirjan and has studied veterinary medicine (DVM) in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Thereafter he was accepted for the residency course (DVSc) at the University of Tehran which holds the top rank in Iran. At the moment, he is a chief resident of veterinary surgery at the University of Tehran studying in the eighth semester and as a resident have finished all courses and successfully passed the board exam in the third year. He has published several articles for my academic achievement and spent an equine surgery traineeship in Italy as a valuable practical experience during my undergraduate. Although he does research in Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Equine Surgery and Orthopedics, currently in most recent publication collaborate with Department of Basic Science.

Abstract:

An in vivo study was performed to assay the effects of ivermectin on adult male Wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats of 6-8 weeks old and 150-200 g, divided into five groups of five animals each were used for this study. Group’s two to five received drug oral solution of ivermectin; mixture of ivermectin and vitamin A; mixture of ivermectin and vitamin C; mixture of ivermectin, vitamin A and vitamin C respectively. The treatment was performed once a week for three weeks. Group one served as the control group. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and histopathological studies on liver, kidney and scrotal tissues were done. The results of this study showed that administration of free ivermectin orally causes pathological changes in the liver, kidney and scrotal tissue, including congestion and necrosis and usage of vitamin A and vitamin C as anti-oxidants improved the obtained situation of the taking free ivermectin. It can be concluded that consumption of free ivermectin has side effects on mammals, while use of the drug along with antioxidants like vitamin A and vitamin C moderate its toxic effects.

Biography:

Alireza Bashiri was born in Mashhad, 1988. He got diploma in 2006 from a grammar high school in Sirjan and has studied veterinary medicine (DVM) in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Thereafter he was accepted for the residency course (DVSc) at the University of Tehran which holds the top rank in Iran. At the moment, he is a chief resident of veterinary surgery at the University of Tehran studying in the eighth semester and as a resident have finished all courses and successfully passed the board exam in the third year. He has published several articles for my academic achievement and spent an equine surgery traineeship in Italy as a valuable practical experience during my undergraduate. Although he does research in Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Equine Surgery and Orthopedics, currently in most recent publication collaborate with Department of Basic Science.

Abstract:

Objective: Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug with a widespread activity on internal and external parasites. The purpose of this study was to study effects of Ivermectin on sperm quality and quantity on adult male wistar rats.

Material and Method: For an invivo examination, a total of 25 male wistar rats of 6-8 weeks old and 150-200g, were equally divided into five experimental groups; control group; oral solution of Ivermectin; mixture of Ivermectin and vitamin A; mixture of Ivermectin and vitamin C; mixture of Ivermectin, vitamin A and vitamin C; once a week for three weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and sperm analysis were done. For investigation of motility percentage, first percent of motile sperms were observed in several microscope fields. The average of them as the percent of motility was registered. Sperm viability was done via microscopic observation and eosin stain. Then ratio of alive sperms to whole sperms were studied. Sperm count was done through neobar lam. The speed of sperms was determined via reverse microscope and homocytometer lam.

Results: Agreeing with results, in group received Ivermectin the level of motility in comparison with control group decreased. In addition, in groups treated with vitamin A or vitamin C and also combination of both vitamins A and C, the level of motility increased. This increase in group received both vitamins A and C comparing with group treated with Ivermectin only, was significant. Findings of this study have shown that in groups treated with free Ivermectin the level of viability decreased. According to the results, in groups treated with vitamin A or vitamin C and group that treated with both vitamins A and C the level of viability comparing with group received Ivermectin only increased. This increase in group received both vitamin A and vitamin C compared with group treated with free Ivermectin was significant. As results shown in group received both vitamin A and vitamin C in comparison with group treated with free Ivermectin, the level of sperm count increased significantly. In the study of sperm count, group treated with Ivermectin has shown reduce in this factor compared with control group.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of free Ivermectin has side effects on fertility rate in male rats, while consumption of vitamin A and vitamin C act as two reproduction system’s amplifier.

Biography:

Amir Reza Rajabi is DVM student from Babol Azad University, Babol, Iran. His main area of research interests includes the effect of the herbal medicines in poultry health issues.

Abstract:

Given the hazards of using chemical drugs in various areas of broiler breeding including drug resistance, high cost and many other side effects, the need for herbal medicines has increased in all animal health issues. Thymus with scientific name of Thymus vulgaris is a phytogenic compound. This plant has anti-bacterial and growth stimulator characteristics. Considering the widely use of phytogenic compounds as alternative to chemical drugs in human diet and livestock industry, this study tried to evaluate the impact of thymus extracts on growth performance, serum lipid profile and liver enzymes. In this regard a number of 240 one-day-chicks of Ross 308 broilers were housed in equal conditions. They were classified in two groups with three replicates (40 chicks per group). The experimental groups were as follows: control group, received maize-soybean diet; thymus group, received maize-soybean diet + thymus extract. The studied traits included feed intake, weight variation, feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum lipid profile and liver enzymes. On 41^th day, 25 chicks were selected randomly and their blood samples were obtained. The results showed that using thymus as feed additives improve weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.05) and exert positive effect on lipid profile and liver enzymes compared to the control (p<0.05).

Biography:

Amir Reza Rajabi is DVM student from Babol Azad University, Babol, Iran. His main area of research interests are the effect of the herbal medicines in poultry health issues.

Abstract:

Given the hazards of using chemical drugs in various areas of broiler breeding including drug resistance, high cost and many other side effects, the need for herbal medicines has increased in all animal health issues. Barberry and fumitory with scientific name of Berberis vulgaris and Fumaria officinalis are phytogenic compounds. These plants have anti-bacterial and growth stimulator characteristics. Considering the widely use of phytogenic compounds as alternative to chemical drugs in human diet and livestock industry, this study tried to evaluate the impact of barberry and fumitory extracts on growth performance, serum lipid profile and liver enzymes. In this regard a number of 360 one-day-chicks of Ross 308 broilers were housed in equal conditions. They were classified in 3 groups with 3 replicates (40 chicks per group). The experimental groups were as follows: control group, received maize-soybean diet; barberry group, received maize-soybean diet + barberry extract and; fumitory group, received maize-soybean diet + fumitory extract. The studied traits included feed intake, weight variation, feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum lipid profile and liver enzymes. On 41^th day, 20 chicks were selected randomly and their blood samples were obtained. The results showed that using barberry and fumitory as feed additives improve weight gain and FCR (p < 0.05) and exert positive effect on lipid profile and liver enzymes compared to the control (p < 0.05).

Biography:

Byeong Han Lee has expertise in veterinary clinical fields. Based on his expertise in Veterinary Surgery, Anesthesia and Cardiopulmonary Medicine, he has experience in producing various laboratory animal models with rabbits, dogs, pigs, sheep and non-human primates. He is currently interested in improving the health and welfare of laboratory animals including rodents. On the basis of that, he has been active as a member of IACUC to reduce the pain and depression of laboratory animals.

Abstract:

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small new world primate that is native to Brazil. In this report, we present our diagnosis and treatment experiences about the occurrence of fracture of the tibia in a marmoset. A female common marmoset, weighing 220 g, 10 months old, was found out to be caught the right hind limb in a cage wire mesh. After released the leg from the cage, the animal showed swelling of the hock joint. Orthopedic examination and micro computed tomography (CT) revealed closed complete transverse fracture of the distal tibia and flex of the fibula near the tarsocrural joint. Out team did not consider an amputation of the leg for improving the quality of her life. A closed reduction was firstly tried, and then a Gibson bandage was applied for stabilizing the fracture of the tibia. However the marmoset showed swelling and shearing injury of digits after several days. The Gibson bandage was removed, and a wet wound was also found out at the hock joint. We tried to treat the wound of the digits and the hock joint for 7 days. The lower limb was examined and almost not shown function. We finally tried to perform repairing this fracture using two single pins (OD 0.9 mm) between the distal tibia and the tarsal bones obliquely with the joint at 45 degrees and tying a 3-0 nylon suture between the screws placed at the distal tibia and the talus both laterally, to mimic the component of the ligament complex in a normal standing angle. A splint with aluminum plate was applied to stabilize the fracture leg during two months. We are currently observing the development of the bone fusion and estimating the proper time of the removal of pin whenever CT scan is performed regularly.